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Use of snus in Sweden is associated with a reduced risk of becoming a daily smoker and an increased likelihood of stopping smoking

Ramström & Foulds, Journal of Tobacco Control 2006
Smokeless Tobacco is about 99% less harmful than smoking

Dr. Carl V Phillips, University of Alberta, School of Public Health
We believe that the absence of effective harm reduction options for smokers is perverse, unjust, and acts against the rights and best interests of smokers and the public health

John Britton & Richard Edwards, the Lancet 2008
Individual smokers who switched to snus instead of continuing to smoke and new tobacco users who only used snus rather than smoking would achieve large health gains compared with smokers

Gartner et al, the Lancet 2007
Addicted smokers have a right to choose from a range of safer nicotine products, as well as accurate and unbiased information to guide that choice

John Britton & Richard Edwards, the Lancet 2008
The risk of adverse effects associated with snus use is lower than that associated with smoking, overall by an estimated 90%.

J. Britton, R. Edwards the Lancet 2008
The Swedish experience with snus among men has been positive, and its results are worth attempting to replicate elsewhere

W. Hall, C. Gartner Public Health 2009
use of low-nitrosamine smokeless products is clearly substantially less harmful than tobacco smoking

John Britton & Richard Edwards, The Lancet 2008
Thus in Sweden, where there has apparently been substantial transfer from smoking to snus, the availability of snus may have been beneficial to public health

SCENIHR report on Health Effects of Smokeless Tobacco Products – European Commission 2008
...general agreement among tobacco research and policy experts that smokeless tobacco (ST) use is far less hazardous than smoking. Although estimates are not precise, ST use likely confers only 0.1% to 10% of the risks of smoking

Brad Rodu & Carl V. Phillips, Harm Reduction Journal 2008
Compared to smoking cigarettes, use of Western smokeless tobacco (ST) products is associated with a very small risk of life-threatening disease (with estimates in the range of a few percent of the risk from smoking, or even less)

Phillips, CV, Wang, C & Guenzel B. BMC Public Health 2005
Low-nitrosamine smokeless tobacco and clean pharmaceutical nicotine products represent the most promising ways of substantially reducing the harm from nicotine use among existing smokers who are unable or unwilling to quit all tobacco or nicotine use

W. Hall, C. Gartner Public Health 2009
...use of Western smokeless tobacco (ST) is substantially less harmful than smoking cigarettes. This should not be surprising, given that ST use does not expose the body to the harmful combustion products and assault on the lungs that result from smoking.

Phillips, CV, Wang, C & Guenzel B. BMC Public Health 2005
if smokers are unaware of the difference in risk between the two products they are obviously unlikely to switch from cigarettes to Smokeless Tobacco to reduce their risk

Phillips, CV, Wang, C & Guenzel B. BMC Public Health 2005
There is no disease for which the risk from smokeless tobacco is greater than the risk for smoking.

American Association of Public Health Physicians, 2008
Current tobacco control policies are based on the premise that all tobacco products are equally risky, and that smokers should quit or face death from tobacco related illness. This policy ignores what we know about the relative risk of smokeless tobacco p

American Association of Public Health Physicians, 2008
Many who oppose tobacco harm reduction mistakenly believe that switching from cigarettes to smokeless tobacco will increase the risk of oral (mouth and throat) cancer. This is simply not true

American Association of Public Health Physicians, 2008
...children and youth should be advised never to initiate tobacco use, and current tobacco users should be encouraged to quit. For smokers unable or unwilling to quit[…]encouraging them to switch to the lowest risk smokeless tobacco products ...

American Association of Public Health Physicians, 2008
The reviewed evidence indicates that ST [Smokeless Tobacco] products as effective nicotine-delivery systems can function as cigarette substitutes and cessation aids.

Kozlowski, American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2007
As a way of using nicotine, the consumption of non-combustible tobacco is on the order of 10-1,000 times less hazardous than smoking, depending on the product.

Royal College of Physicians report “Protecting Smokers, Saving Lives”. London, 2002
...the Swedish data do not support the hypothesis that smokeless tobacco (i.e. Swedish snus) is a gateway to future smoking.

SCENIHR report on Health Effects of Smokeless Tobacco Products – European Commission 2008
Use of snus in Sweden is associated with a reduced risk of becoming a daily smoker...

Ramström L, Foulds J, Journal Tobacco Control 2006
The consumer who rejects (or cannot achieve) abstinence but will use a product that reduces risk by 90% should not be prevented from making that preferred choice.

Sweanor D, Alcabes P, Drucker E. International Journal of Drug Policy 2007
The relative safety of ST and other smokefree systems for delivering nicotine demolishes the claim that abstinence-only approaches to tobacco are rational public health campaigns

Sweanor D, Alcabes P, Drucker E. International Journal of Drug Policy 2007
Applying harm reduction principles to public health policies on tobacco/nicotine is more than simply a rational and humane policy

Sweanor D, Alcabes P, Drucker E. International Journal of Drug Policy 2007
Smokeless Tobacco is about 99% less harmful than smoking

Dr. Carl V Phillips, University of Alberta, School of Public Health
A logical harm reduction approach for the millions of smokers who are unlikely to achieve complete abstinence in the short-term or medium-term future is to promote the substitution of tobacco smoking with an alternative, less hazardous means ...

2008 Lancet article, Britton and Edwards

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